If he began in the manner of the late Romantics, he soon became a writer of realistic fiction about everyday situations and people from all spheres of life. He moved through several phases at this time. In the 1880s and 1890s, Tagore's creative output was tremendous, and his reputation steadily developed in his country as the author of poems, short stories, novels, plays, verse dramas, and essays. The contemplative tone of his poetry gives his work the depth and serenity of his mature voice. Coming in close touch with the people and geography of Bangladesh, Tagore was inspired to write his first major collection of verse, The Golden Boat (1894). The daily contact with peasants and farmers aroused his empathy for the plight of India's poor. Several poems in the volume Sharps and Flats (1886) boldly celebrate the human body, reflecting his sense of all-pervading joy in the universe.Ĭreative Virility In 1890, Tagore took charge of his family's far-flung estates, some of them in regions that are now part of Bangladesh. Played an important role in his subsequent work. His devotion to Jivan devata (“The Lord of His Life”), a new conception of God as humanity's intimate friend, lover, and beloved, The latter work reflects Tagore's new mood initiated by a mystical experience he had while looking at the sunrise one day. “The Lord of His Life” Tagore produced his first notable book of lyrics, Evening Songs, in 1882, followed by Morning Songs (1883). He was twenty-two years old, and she was ten. He also wrote and acted in verse dramas and began to compose devotional songs for the Brahmo Samaj, the Hindu reformist sect his father promoted. His stay in England was brief, and when he returned home, he published the first of nearly sixty volumes of verse. During this time, he read extensively in English and other European literature, forming the universalist outlook he maintained throughout his life that included: a profound desire for freedom, both personal and national an idea of the greatness of India's contribution to the world of the spirit and poetry expressing both of these. Tagore left India at age seventeen to continue his studies in England. This trend continued into the first decades of the twentieth, as well. While the British had helped India develop economically and politically and expanded local self-rule, an Indian nationalist movement was growing in the late nineteenth century. India had been controlled by Great Britain in one form or another for some years. His acclaimed poem was about the greatness of India's past and the sorrow he felt for its state under British rule. Public Recognition of Poetry After publishing his first poems at the age of thirteen, Tagore's first public recitation of his poetry came when he was fourteen at a Bengali cultural and nationalistic festival organized by his brothers. This was Tagore's first contact with rural Bengal, which he later celebrated in his songs. When Tagore was twelve, his father took him on a four-month journey to the Punjab and the Himalayas. This encouragement, which continued throughout his formative years, caused his talent to flourish. As early as eight, he was urged by his brothers and cousins to express himself in poetry. Tagore was a precocious child who showed unmistakable poetic talent. From an early age, he embraced his father's love of poetry, music, and mysticism, as well as his reformist outlook. Tagore was the fourteenth of his father's fifteen children and his father's favorite. Tagore's father, Debendranath, was a writer, religious leader, and practical businessman. His grandfather, Dwarkanath Tagore, was a key figure in what is known as the Bengal renaissance in the mid-nineteenth century. Works in Biographical and Historical Contextīorn into Literary Family in Calcutta Tagore was born into an upper-caste Hindu family in Calcutta on May 7, 1861. His poetry is imbued with a deeply spiritual and devotional quality, while in his novels, plays, short stories, and essays, his social and moral concerns predominate. Astonishingly prolific in practically every literary genre, he achieved his greatest renown as a lyric poet. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, the first non-European to be awarded this prize. Rabindranath Tagore is India's most celebrated modern author. MAJOR WORKS: Morning Songs (1883) The Golden Boat (1894) Gora (1910) Gitanjali (1912) The Home and the World (1916) Overview GENRE: Poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction
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